Chapter 84: Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof

Section XVI — Machinery; electrical equipment

86 headings · 1285 total HS codes

Classification Notes for Chapter 84
Notes 1. This Chapter does not cover: a. Millstones, grindstones or other articles of Chapter 68; b. Machinery or appliances (for example, pumps) of ceramic material and ceramic parts of machinery or appliances of any material (Chapter 69); c. Laboratory glassware (7017); machinery, appliances or other articles for technical uses or parts thereof, of glass (7019 or 7020); d. Articles of 7321 or 7322 or similar articles of other base metals (Chapter 74 to Chapter 76 or Chapter 78 to 81); e. Vacuum cleaners of 8508; f. Electro-mechanical domestic appliances of 8509; digital cameras of 8525; g. Radiators for the articles of Section XVII; or h. Hand-operated mechanical floor sweepers, not motorised (9603). 2. Subject to the operation of Note 3 to Section XVI and subject to Note 11 to this Chapter, a machine or appliance which answers to a description in one or more of 8401 to 8424, or 8486 and at the same time to a description in one or other of 8425 to 8480 is to be classified under the appropriate heading of the former group or under 8486, as the case may be, and not the latter group. a. 8419 does not, however, cover: b. Germination plant, incubators or brooders (8436); c. Grain dampening machines (8437); d. Diffusing apparatus for sugar juice extraction (8438); e. Machinery for the heat-treatment of textile yarns, fabrics or made up textile articles (8451); or f. Machinery, plant or laboratory equipment, designed for a mechanical operation, in which a change of temperature, even if necessary, is subsidiary. g. 8422 does not cover: h. Sewing machines for closing bags or similar containers (8452); or i. Office machinery of 8472. j. 8424 does not cover: k. Ink-jet printing machines (8443); or l. Water-jet cutting machines (8456). 3. A machine-tool for working any material which answers to a description in 8456 and at the same time to a description in 8457, 8458, 8459, 8460, 8461, 8464 or 8465 is to be classified in 8456. 4. 8457 applies only to machine-tools for working metal, other than lathes (including turning centres), which can carry out different types of machining operations either: a. by automatic tool change from a magazine or the like in conformity with a machining programme (machining centres), b. by the automatic use, simultaneously or sequentially, of different unit heads working on a fixed position workpiece (unit construction machines, single station), or c. by the automatic transfer of the workpiece to different unit heads (multi-station transfer machines). 5. For the purposes of 8462, a “slitting line” for flat products is a processing line composed of an uncoiler, a coil flattener, a slitter and a recoiler. A “cut‑to‑length line” for flat products is a processing line composed of an uncoiler, a coil flattener, and a shear. 6. (A) For the purposes of 8471, "automatic data processing machines" means machines capable of: (B) Automatic data processing machines may be in the form of systems consisting of a variable number of separate units.(C) Subject to paragraphs (D) and (E) below, a unit is to be regarded as being part of an automatic data processing system if it meets all of the following conditions:Separately presented units of an automatic data processing machine are to be classified in 8471.However, keyboards, X-Y co-ordinate input devices and disk storage units which satisfy the conditions of paragraphs (C)(ii) and (C)(iii) above, are in all cases to be classified as units of 8471.(D) 8471 does not cover the following when presented separately, even if they meet all of the conditions set forth in Note 6(C) above: a. Storing the processing program or programs and at least the data immediately necessary for the execution of the program; b. Being freely programmed in accordance with the requirements of the user; c. Performing arithmetical computations specified by the user; and d. Executing, without human intervention, a processing program which requires them to modify their execution, by logical decision during the processing run. e. It is of a kind solely or principally used in an automatic data processing system; f. It is connectable to the central processing unit either directly or through one or more other units; and g. It is able to accept or deliver data in a form (codes or signals) which can be used by the system. h. Printers, copying machines, facsimile machines, whether or not combined; i. Apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images or other data, including apparatus for communication in a wired or wireless network (such as a local or wide area network); j. Loud speakers and microphones; k. Television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders; l. Monitors and projectors, not incorporating television reception apparatus. 7. 8482 applies, inter alia, to polished steel balls, the maximum and minimum diameters of which do not differ from the nominal diameter by more than 1% or by more than 0.05 mm, whichever is less. Other steel balls are to be classified in 7326. 8. A machine which is used for more than one purpose is, for the purposes of classification, to be treated as if its principal purpose were its sole purpose. Subject to Note 2 to this Chapter and Note 3 to Section XVI, a machine the principal purpose of which is not described in any heading or for which no one purpose is the principal purpose is, unless the context otherwise requires, to be classified in 8479. 8479 also covers machines for making rope or cable (for example, stranding, twisting or cabling machines) from metal wire, textile yarn or any other material or from a combination of such materials. 9. For the purposes of 8470, "pocket-size" applies only to machines the dimensions of which do not exceed 170 mm x 100 mm x 45 mm. 10. For the purposes of 8485, “additive manufacturing” (also referred to as 3D printing) means the formation of physical objects, based on a digital model, by the successive addition and layering, and consolidation and solidification, of material (for example, metal, plastics or ceramics).Subject to Note 1 to Section XVI and Note 1 to Chapter 84, machines answering to the description in 8485 are to be classified in that heading and in no other heading of this Schedule. 11. (A) Notes 12(a) and (b) to Chapter 85 also apply with respect to “semiconductor devices” and “electronic integrated circuits”, respectively, as used in this Note and in 8486. However, for the purposes of this Note and of 8486, “semiconductor devices” also covers photosensitive semiconductor devices and light emitting diodes (LED). (B) For the purposes of this Note and of 8486, “manufacture of flat panel displays” covers the fabrication of substrates into a flat panel. It does not cover the manufacture of glass or the assembly of printed circuit boards or other electronic components onto the flat panel. “Flat panel display” does not cover cathode-ray tube technology.(C) 8486 also includes machines and apparatus solely or principally of a kind used for: (D) Subject to Note 1 to Section XVI and Note 1 to Chapter 84, machines and apparatus answering to the description in 8486 are to be classified in that heading and in no other heading of this Schedule. a. the manufacture or repair of masks and reticles; b. assembling semiconductor devices or electronic integrated circuits; or c. lifting, handling, loading or unloading of boules, wafers, semiconductor devices, electronic integrated circuits and flat panel displays. Subheading Notes 1. For the purposes of 8465.20, "machining centres" applies only to machine-tools for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics and similar hard materials, which carry out different types of machining operations by automatic tool change from a magazine or the like in conformity with a machining programme. 2. For the purposes of 8471.49.00, "systems" means automatic data processing machines whose units satisfy the conditions laid down in Note 6(C) to Chapter 84 and which comprise at least a central processing unit, one input unit (for example, a keyboard or a scanner), and one output unit (for example, a visual display unit or a printer). 3. For the purposes of 8481.20, "valves for oleohydraulic or pneumatic transmissions" means valves which are used specifically in the transmission of "fluid power" in a hydraulic or pneumatic system, where the energy source is supplied in the form of pressurised fluids (liquid or gas). These valves may be any type (for example, pressure-reducing type, check type). 8481.20takes precedence over all other subheadings of 8481. 4. 8482.40 applies only to bearings with cylindrical rollers of a uniform diameter not exceeding 5 mm and having a length which is at least three times the diameter. The ends of the rollers may be rounded. Additional Notes 1. In this Chapter, the power of an internal combustion piston engine shall be taken to be the net output, expressed in kilowatts, that the engine is capable of delivering continuously at a stated crankshaft speed under standard operating conditions. 2. For the purposes of this Chapter, "operating weight" means the combined weight of the machine, the driver and a tank full of fuel. 3. 8422 does not cover machines which collate and load, or merely load or unload, packs or units of goods (in one or more tiers or layers) onto pallets, slipsheets or the like (8428). 4. 8486.10.10, 8486.20.10, 8486.30.10 and 8486.40.10 do not apply to water-jet cutting machines (8486.10.90, 8486.20.90, 8486.30.90 or 8486.40.9).
HeadingDescriptionGeneral RateSub-codesFTAs
8401Nuclear reactors; fuel elements (cartridges), non-irradiated, for nuclear reactors; machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation5%416 FTAs
8402Steam or other vapour generating boilers (other than central heating hot water boilers capable also of producing low pressure steam); super-heated water boilers5%616 FTAs
8403Central heating boilers other than those of heading 84.025%217 FTAs
8404Auxiliary plant for use with boilers of heading 84.02 or 84.03 (for example, economisers, super-heaters, soot removers, gas recoverers); condensers for steam or other vapour power units5%315 FTAs
8405Producer gas or water gas generators, with or without their purifiers; acetylene gas generators and similar water process gas generators, with or without their purifiers5%217 FTAs
8406Steam turbines and other vapour turbines0%513 FTAs
8407Spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal combustion piston engines0%3917 FTAs
8408Compression-ignition internal combustion piston engines (diesel or semi-diesel engines)0%2517 FTAs
8409Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the engines of heading 84.07 or 84.080%1813 FTAs
8410Hydraulic turbines, water wheels, and regulators therefor5%516 FTAs
8411Turbo-jets, turbo-propellers and other gas turbines0%1216 FTAs
8412Other engines and motors0%1516 FTAs
8413Pumps for liquids, whether or not fitted with a measuring device; liquid elevators5%3017 FTAs
8414Air or vacuum pumps, air or other gas compressors and fans; ventilating or recycling hoods incorporating a fan, whether or not fitted with filters; gas-tight biological safety cabinets, whether or not fitted with filters0%4314 FTAs
8415Air conditioning machines, comprising a motor-driven fan and elements for changing the temperature and humidity, including those machines in which the humidity cannot be separately regulated5%1116 FTAs
8416Furnace burners for liquid fuel, for pulverised solid fuel or for gas; mechanical stokers, including their mechanical grates, mechanical ash dischargers and similar appliances5%415 FTAs
8417Industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens, including incinerators, non- electric5%412 FTAs
8418Refrigerators, freezers and other refrigerating or freezing equipment, electric or other; heat pumps other than air conditioning machines of heading 84.150%3216 FTAs
8419Machinery, plant or laboratory equipment, whether or not electrically heated (excluding furnaces, ovens and other equipment of heading 85.14), for the treatment of materials by a process involving a change of temperature such as heating, cooking, roasting, distilling, rectifying, sterilising, pasteurising, steaming, drying, evaporating, vaporising, condensing or cooling, other than machinery or plant of a kind used for domestic purposes; instantaneous or storage water heaters, non-electric0%2816 FTAs
8420Calendering or other rolling machines, other than for metals or glass, and cylinders therefor0%414 FTAs
8421Centrifuges, including centrifugal dryers; filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for liquids or gases0%2915 FTAs
8422Dish washing machines; machinery for cleaning or drying bottles or other containers; machinery for filling, closing, sealing or labelling bottles, cans, boxes, bags or other containers; machinery for capsuling bottles, jars, tubes and similar containers; other packing or wrapping machinery (including heat-shrink wrapping machinery); machinery for aerating beverages0%1816 FTAs
8423WEIGHING MACHINERY (EXCLUDING BALANCES OF A SENSITIVITY OF 5 cg OR BETTER), INCLUDING WEIGHT OPERATED COUNTING OR CHECKING MACHINES; WEIGHING MACHINE WEIGHTS OF ALL KINDS5%2217 FTAs
8424Mechanical appliances (whether or not hand-operated) for projecting, dispersing or spraying liquids or powders; fire extinguishers, whether or not charged; spray guns and similar appliances; steam or sand blasting machines and similar jet projecting machines5%2215 FTAs
8425Pulley tackle and hoists other than skip hoists; winches and capstans; jacks0%1615 FTAs
8426Ships' derricks; cranes, including cable cranes; mobile lifting frames, straddle carriers and works trucks fitted with a crane5%1615 FTAs
8427Fork-lift trucks; other works trucks fitted with lifting or handling equipment0%1816 FTAs
8428Other lifting, handling, loading or unloading machinery (for example, lifts, escalators, conveyors, teleferics)5%1115 FTAs
8429Self-propelled bulldozers, angledozers, graders, levellers, scrapers, mechanical shovels, excavators, shovel loaders, tamping machines and road rollers0%1814 FTAs
8430Other moving, grading, levelling, scraping, excavating, tamping, compacting, extracting or boring machinery, for earth, minerals or ores; pile-drivers and pile-extractors; snow-ploughs and snow-blowers0%2014 FTAs
8431Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the machinery of headings 84.25 to 84.300%1715 FTAs
8432Agricultural, horticultural or forestry machinery for soil preparation or cultivation; lawn or sports-ground rollers0%1516 FTAs
8433Harvesting or threshing machinery, including straw or fodder balers; grass or hay mowers; machines for cleaning, sorting or grading eggs, fruit or other agricultural produce, other than machinery of heading 84.370%2517 FTAs
8434Milking machines and dairy machinery5%316 FTAs
8435Presses, crushers and similar machinery used in the manufacture of wine, cider, fruit juices or similar beverages0%217 FTAs
8436Other agricultural, horticultural, forestry, poultry-keeping or bee-keeping machinery, including germination plant fitted with mechanical or thermal equipment; poultry incubators and brooders5%1017 FTAs
8437Machines for cleaning, sorting or grading seed, grain or dried leguminous vegetables; machinery used in the milling industry or for the working of cereals or dried leguminous vegetables, other than farm-type machinery0%313 FTAs
8438Machinery, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter, for the industrial preparation or manufacture of food or drink, other than machinery for the extraction or preparation of animal or fixed vegetable or microbial fats or oils5%1215 FTAs
8439Machinery for making pulp of fibrous cellulosic material or for making or finishing paper or paperboard0%616 FTAs
8440Book-binding machinery, including book-sewing machines0%217 FTAs
8441Other machinery for making up paper pulp, paper or paperboard, including cutting machines of all kinds0%1515 FTAs
8442Machinery, apparatus and equipment (other than the machines of headings 84.56 to 84.65) for preparing or making plates, cylinders or other printing components; plates, cylinders and other printing components; plates, cylinders and lithographic stones, prepared for printing purposes (for example, planed, grained or polished)0%316 FTAs
8443Printing machinery used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 84.42; other printers, copying machines and facsimile machines, whether or not combined; parts and accessories thereof0%5816 FTAs
8444Machines for extruding, drawing, texturing or cutting man-made textile materials0%114 FTAs
8445Machines for preparing textile fibres; spinning, doubling or twisting machines and other machinery for producing textile yarns; textile reeling or winding (including weft-winding) machines and machines for preparing textile yarns for use on the machines of heading 84.46 or 84.470%915 FTAs
8446Weaving machines (looms)0%516 FTAs
8447Knitting machines, stitch-bonding machines and machines for making gimped yarn, tulle, lace, embroidery, trimmings, braid or net and machines for tufting0%516 FTAs
8448Auxiliary machinery for use with machines of heading 84.44, 84.45, 84.46 or 84.47 (for example, dobbies, Jacquards, automatic stop motions, shuttle changing mechanisms); parts and accessories suitable for use solely or principally with the machines of this heading or of heading 84.44, 84.45, 84.46 or 84.47 (for example, spindles and spindle flyers, card clothing, combs, extruding nipples, shuttles, healds and heald-frames, hosiery needles)0%1517 FTAs
8449Machinery for the manufacture or finishing of felt or nonwovens in the piece or in shapes, including machinery for making felt hats; blocks for making hats0%115 FTAs
8450Household or laundry-type washing machines, including machines which both wash and dry0%816 FTAs
8451Machinery (other than machines of heading 84.50) for washing, cleaning, wringing, drying, ironing, pressing (including fusing presses), bleaching, dyeing, dressing, finishing, coating or impregnating textile yarns, fabrics or made up textile articles and machines for applying the paste to the base fabric or other support used in the manufacture of floor coverings such as linoleum; machines for reeling, unreeling, folding, cutting or pinking textile fabrics0%1117 FTAs
8452Sewing machines, other than book-sewing machines of heading 84.40; furniture, bases and covers specially designed for sewing machines; sewing machine needles0%916 FTAs
8453Machinery for preparing, tanning or working hides, skins or leather or for making or repairing footwear or other articles of hides, skins or leather, other than sewing machines0%416 FTAs
8454Converters, ladles, ingot moulds and casting machines, of a kind used in metallurgy or in metal foundries5%416 FTAs
8455Metal-rolling mills and rolls therefor0%616 FTAs
8456Machine-tools for working any material by removal of material, by laser or other light or photon beam, ultrasonic, electro-discharge, electro-chemical, electron beam, ionic-beam or plasma arc processes; water-jet cutting machines0%814 FTAs
8457Machining centres, unit construction machines (single station) and multi-station transfer machines, for working metal0%315 FTAs
8458Lathes (including turning centres) for removing metal0%617 FTAs
8459Machine-tools (including way-type unit head machines) for drilling, boring, milling, threading or tapping by removing metal, other than lathes (including turning centres) of heading 84.580%1917 FTAs
8460Machine-tools for deburring, sharpening, grinding, honing, lapping, polishing or otherwise finishing metal or cermets by means of grinding stones, abrasives or polishing products, other than gear cutting, gear grinding or gear finishing machines of heading 84.610%1717 FTAs
8461Machine-tools for planing, shaping, slotting, broaching, gear cutting, gear grinding or gear finishing, sawing, cutting-off and other machine-tools working by removing metal or cermets, not elsewhere specified or included0%516 FTAs
8462Machine‑tools (including presses) for working metal by forging, hammering or die forging (excluding rolling mills); machine‑tools (including presses, slitting lines and cut‑to‑length lines) for working metal by bending, folding, straightening, flattening, shearing, punching, notching or nibbling (excluding draw‑benches); presses for working metal or metal carbides, not specified above0%5316 FTAs
8463Other machine-tools for working metal or cermets, without removing material0%416 FTAs
8464Machine-tools for working stone, ceramics, concrete, asbestos-cement or like mineral materials or for cold working glass5%317 FTAs
8465Machine-tools (including machines for nailing, stapling, glueing or otherwise assembling) for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials0%1316 FTAs
8466Parts and accessories suitable for use solely or principally with the machines of headings 84.56 to 84.65, including work or tool holders, self-opening dieheads, dividing heads and other special attachments for the machines; tool holders for any type of tool for working in the hand0%1015 FTAs
8467Tools for working in the hand, pneumatic, hydraulic or with self-contained electric or non-electric motor0%4014 FTAs
8468Machinery and apparatus for soldering, brazing or welding, whether or not capable of cutting, other than those of heading 85.15; gas-operated surface tempering machines and appliances0%615 FTAs
8470Calculating machines and pocket-size data recording, reproducing and displaying machines with calculating functions; accounting machines, postage-franking machines, ticket- issuing machines and similar machines, incorporating a calculating device; cash registers0%1115 FTAs
8471Automatic data processing machines and units thereof; magnetic or optical readers, machines for transcribing data onto data media in coded form and machines for processing such data, not elsewhere specified or included0%4613 FTAs
8472Other office machines (for example, hectograph or stencil duplicating machines, addressing machines, automatic banknote dispensers, coin-sorting machines, coin-counting or wrapping machines, pencil-sharpening machines, perforating or stapling machines)0%515 FTAs
8473Parts and accessories (other than covers, carrying cases and the like) suitable for use solely or principally with machines of headings 84.70 to 84.720%1415 FTAs
8474Machinery for sorting, screening, separating, washing, crushing, grinding, mixing or kneading earth, stone, ores or other mineral substances, in solid (including powder or paste) form; machinery for agglomerating, shaping or moulding solid mineral fuels, ceramic paste, unhardened cements, plastering materials or other mineral products in powder or paste form; machines for forming foundry moulds of sand5%816 FTAs
8475Machines for assembling electric or electronic lamps, tubes or valves or flash-bulbs, in glass envelopes; machines for manufacturing or hot working glass or glassware0%715 FTAs
8476Automatic goods-vending machines (for example, postage stamp, cigarette, food or beverage machines), including money-changing machines0%1117 FTAs
8477Machinery for working rubber or plastics or for the manufacture of products from these materials, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter5%917 FTAs
8478Machinery for preparing or making up tobacco, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter0%216 FTAs
8479Machines and mechanical appliances having individual functions, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter0%2816 FTAs
8480Moulding boxes for metal foundry; mould bases; moulding patterns; moulds for metal (other than ingot moulds), metal carbides, glass, mineral materials, rubber or plastics5%1117 FTAs
8481Taps, cocks, valves and similar appliances for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like, including pressure-reducing valves and thermo-statically controlled valves0%2016 FTAs
8482Ball or roller bearings5%2516 FTAs
8483Transmission shafts (including cam shafts and crank shafts) and cranks; bearing housings and plain shaft bearings; gears and gearing; ball or roller screws; gear boxes and other speed changers, including torque converters; flywheels and pulleys, including pulley blocks; clutches and shaft couplings (including universal joints)5%2515 FTAs
8484Gaskets and similar joints of metal sheeting combined with other material or of two or more layers of metal; sets or assortments of gaskets and similar joints, dissimilar in composition, put up in pouches, envelopes or similar packings; mechanical seals5%716 FTAs
8485Machines for additive manufacturing0%122 FTAs
8486Machines and apparatus of a kind used solely or principally for the manufacture of semiconductor boules or wafers, semiconductor devices, electronic integrated circuits or flat panel displays; machines and apparatus specified in Note 11 (C) to this chapter; parts and accessories0%4017 FTAs
8487Machinery parts, not containing electrical connectors, insulators, coils, contacts or other electrical features, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter5%217 FTAs

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the import duty on nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof in Australia?

Chapter 84 of the Australian Tariff covers nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof. Duty rates vary by product — there are 86 headings in this chapter. Use the table below to find specific rates, or try our free calculator for an instant estimate.

Are there FTA concessions for Chapter 84 goods?

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